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GitHub has revolutionized collaboration in software development, but starting out can be overwhelming. This concise guide breaks down GitHub basics into easy steps with visuals, ensuring you grasp the essentials quickly.
What is GitHub?
GitHub is a platform for storing, managing, and sharing code using Git, a version control system that tracks changes to files. It allows teams to work on projects efficiently without conflicts.
Getting Started
1. Creating Your GitHub Account
Sign up for a free GitHub account at github.com. This account is essential for managing your repositories and collaborating with others.
2. Setting Up Git on Your Computer
Choose one of the following methods to set up Git:
Installing Git:
Visit git-scm.com to download and install Git.
Open Git Bash (Windows) or Terminal (Mac/Linux) to run Git commands.
Using GitHub Desktop:
Download GitHub Desktop from desktop.github.com.
Install it on your Windows or macOS computer for a more user-friendly experience.
Creating a Repository
1. Creating a Repository on GitHub
Log in to your GitHub account.
Click on the "+" sign in the top-right corner and select "New repository."
Enter a name, add a description, choose public or private, and click "Create repository."
2. Cloning a Repository with GitHub Desktop
Navigate to the repository on GitHub.
Click the green "Code" button and copy the HTTPS or SSH URL.
Open GitHub Desktop.
Click on "File" > "Clone repository."
Paste the URL and choose a local path to save the repository.
Making Changes and Committing
1. Making Changes Locally
Open the repository folder on your computer using a code editor.
Modify existing files or create new ones as needed.
2. Committing Changes with GitHub Desktop
Open GitHub Desktop.
You'll see the files that have changed under "Changes" tab.
Enter a commit message describing your changes.
Click "Commit to main" (or another branch name).
Pushing Changes to GitHub
1. Pushing Changes with GitHub Desktop
After committing changes, click on "Push origin" to upload them to GitHub.
Pulling Changes from GitHub
1. Pulling Changes with GitHub Desktop
To fetch and merge changes from GitHub to your local repository:
Click on "Pull origin" in GitHub Desktop.
Optional: Initializing with a README, .gitignore, and License
1. Initializing with a README
When creating a repository on GitHub, check "Initialize this repository with a README" to create an initial README file.
2. Adding .gitignore and License
You can select a .gitignore template (e.g., for Python, Node.js) to exclude specific files from version control.
Choose a license to specify how others can use your project.
Conclusion
GitHub Desktop simplifies managing projects by providing a user-friendly interface for Git commands.